Trevo offers a variety for common
issues that people face with the body’s systems. Good nutrition helps actively
battle problems in these systems
Dr. Jane
Detoxification system is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism, including, but not limited to, the
human body, which is mainly carried out by the liver. Additionally, it can
refer to the period of withdrawal during which an organism returns to homeostasis after long-term use of an addictive substance. In medicine, detoxification can be achieved by decontamination
of poison ingestion and the use of antidotes as well as techniques such as dialysis and (in a limited number of cases) therapy. Many alternative medicine practitioners promote various types of
detoxification such as detoxification diets.
Detoxification system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system is so named because it integrates information it receives from, and coordinates and influences the activity of, all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric animals — that is, all multi cellular animals except sponges and radically symmetric animals such as jellyfish, and it contains the majority of the nervous system. Arguably, many consider the retina and the optic nerve (2nd cranial nerve) as well as the olfactory nerves (1st) and olfactory epithelium as parts of the CNS, snapping directly on brain tissue without intermediate ganglia. Following this classification the olfactory epithelium is the only central nervous tissue in direct contact with the environment, which opens up for therapeutic treatments. [5] The CNS is contained within the dorsal cavity, with the brain in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord in the spinal cavity. Invertebrates, the brain is protected by the skull, while the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae, both enclosed in the meninges.
The circulatory
system, also called the cardiovascular
system, is an organ
system that
permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients
(such as amino
acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon
dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from cells in the body to nourish it and help to
fight diseases, stabilize body
temperature and pH, and to maintain homeostasis. The study of blood
flow is
called hemodynamics.
The circulatory system is often seen to comprise both the cardiovascular system, which
distributes blood, and the lymphatic
system, which
circulates lymph. These are two
separate systems. The passage of lymph for example takes a lot longer than that
of blood. Blood is a fluid
consisting of plasma, red
blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to
and waste materials away from all body tissues. Lymph is essentially recycled
excess blood plasma after it has been filtered from the interstitial fluid (between cells) and returned to the
lymphatic system. The cardiovascular (from Latin words meaning 'heart'-'vessel')
system comprises the blood, heart, and blood
vessels. The lymph, lymph
nodes, and lymph
vessels form the lymphatic system, which returns filtered blood plasma
from the interstitial fluid (between cells) as lymph. While humans, as well as
other vertebrates, have a closed cardiovascular system
(meaning that the blood never leaves the network of arteries, veins and capillaries), some invertebrate groups have an open cardiovascular
system. The lymphatic system, on the other hand, is an open system providing an
accessory route for excess interstitial fluid to get returned to the blood. The more primitive, diploblastic animal phyla lack circulatory systems.
The respiratory system (called also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism. The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment.
In air-breathing vertebrates like human
beings, respiration takes place in the respiratory organs called lungs. The passage of air into the lungs to
supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation, and the passage of air out of the
lungs to expel carbon dioxide is known as exhalation; this process is collectively called breathing or ventilation. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the
respiratory system include trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide
are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external
environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveoli air sacs in the lungs. In fish and man y invertebrates, respiration
takes place through the gills. Other animals, such as insects, have respiratory systems with very
simple anatomical features, and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange. Plants also have respiratory systems but the
directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals. The
respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on
the undersides of leaves known as stomata
respiratory
system
Digestive system" and "alimentary system" redirect here. For digestive systems of non-human animals,In the human digestive system, the process of digestion has many stages, the first of which starts in the mouth (oral cavity). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components which can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The secretion of saliva helps to produce a bolus which can be swallowed in the oesophagus to pass down into the stomach. Saliva also contains a catalytic enzyme called amylase which starts to act on food in the mouth. Digestion is helped by the mastication of food by the teeth and also by the muscular contractions of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach is essential for the continuation of digestion as is the production of mucus in the stomach.
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the
stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in
the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed into the blood.
Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and
some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood, in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion are defecated from the anus via the rectum
Digestive system
The immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.
Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection
and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms
have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in
the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune
mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants,
such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins,
and the complement
system. Jawed
vertebrates, including
humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability
to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific
pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that
same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.
Disorders of the immune
system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune
system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening
infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe
combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of
immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if
they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus
type 1, and systemic lupus
erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
