Nutritional anemia refers to types of anemia that can be directly attributed to nutritional disorders
Anemia is any blood disorder in which the number of the red blood
cells are low or the hemoglobin content in the red blood cells is low.
Red blood cells—with the help of iron-containing
hemoglobin—move oxygen
from your lungs to bodily tissues. Any change in the size or amount of
these cells affects how oxygen is transported within your body. This in
turn can affect your energy level greatly.
Nutritional anemia refers to types of anemia that can be directly attributed to nutritional disorders
When you have anemia, your heart has to work harder to pump oxygen-rich blood through your body. Some common symptoms of anemia include:
Fatigue
Lightheadedness
Weakness
Shortness of breath
Headache
Cold hands and feet
Pale skin
Chest pain
Types of "Nutritional" Anemias
i.Iron-Deficiency Anemia
anemia can result if the iron is not replaced. Iron-deficiency anemia can be caused by the following:
Deficiency of iron in the diet
An accident or trauma that causes acute blood loss
Gradual blood loss, such as gastrointestinal bleeding or menstruation
Other than women of childbearing age, children and teens are the next most likely to suffer from iron-deficiency anemia.
ii.Megaloblastic Anemia
This type of anemia is primarily associated with inadequate intake or utilization of vitamin B12 and folic acid —two vitamins necessary for cell division. Thus cells that need rapid replenishment, such as blood cells, are most often affected by a deficiency of these vitamins. The result is that fewer red blood cells are produced and available to carry oxygen to the body's cells, resulting in anemia.
A decreased intake of folic acid from food can result in anemia. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, and periods of rapid growth, which increase the body's need for folic acid, can also contribute to anemia. Heavy alcohol consumption will increase folic acid requirements also.
Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Thus, vegetarians who consume dairy and egg products are not at increased risk for B12 deficiency, while individuals who are strict vegans (and their breastfed infants) are most at risk for B12 deficiency.
Aging also affects B12 status because less acid is produced in the stomach as we age. Acid helps to release the active form of vitamin B12 in the stomach. From the stomach, B12 travels down the intestines where it is absorbed into the body in the small intestines. Therefore, people who have malabsorption are also at risk for B12 deficiency.
Causes of the megaloblastic anemias include:
Inadequate intake or absorption of foods with a high B12 content, such as meat, poultry, fish, cheese, milk, and eggs
Inadequate intake or absorption of foods rich in folic acid, such as green vegetables, whole grains, legumes, leafy greens, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, asparagus, citrus fruits, strawberries, wheat germ, and brewer's yeast
Alcoholism
Low levels of acid in the stomach
Removal of parts of the stomach or small intestine
Gluten sensitivity
iii.Pernicious Anemia
Pernicious anemia is a form of megaloblastic anemia caused by the absence of intrinsic factor—a chemical substance secreted by cells in the stomach that makes absorption of vitamin B12 possible. Lack of intrinsic factor is thought to be caused by a genetic deficiency or an autoimmune disorder. Vitamin B12 injections are the traditional treatment for pernicious anemia, but the supplement can also be taken orally in large doses.
Pernicious anemia usually affects adults. The symptoms of this disorder come on gradually and may not be immediately recognized. Megaloblastic anemia of any sort must be properly diagnosed and treated because serious problems with muscles and balance may occur if anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency is treated with folic acid alone.
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